The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.